Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: drupal_get_query_parameters(): Implicitly marking parameter $query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/common.inc on line 417

Deprecated: _format_date_callback(): Implicitly marking parameter $matches as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/common.inc on line 2174

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: UpdateQuery::expression(): Implicitly marking parameter $arguments as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/database/query.inc on line 1143

Deprecated: MergeQuery::expression(): Implicitly marking parameter $arguments as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/database/query.inc on line 1428

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29
Shoreline Armoring - Relic of the Past | BCSLA British Columbia Society of Landscape Architects

You are here

Climate

Shoreline Armoring - Relic of the Past

Error message

  • Deprecated function: TYPO3\PharStreamWrapper\Manager::initialize(): Implicitly marking parameter $resolver as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include_once() (line 19 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/file.phar.inc).
  • Deprecated function: TYPO3\PharStreamWrapper\Manager::initialize(): Implicitly marking parameter $collection as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include_once() (line 19 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/file.phar.inc).
  • Deprecated function: TYPO3\PharStreamWrapper\Manager::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $resolver as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include_once() (line 19 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/file.phar.inc).
  • Deprecated function: TYPO3\PharStreamWrapper\Manager::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $collection as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in include_once() (line 19 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/file.phar.inc).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in include_once() (line 300 of /home/bcsla/public_html/sites/default/settings.php).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in include_once() (line 301 of /home/bcsla/public_html/sites/default/settings.php).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in include_once() (line 309 of /home/bcsla/public_html/sites/default/settings.php).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in include_once() (line 316 of /home/bcsla/public_html/sites/default/settings.php).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in drupal_settings_initialize() (line 832 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Warning: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in drupal_settings_initialize() (line 841 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).
  • Warning: session_name(): Session name cannot be changed after headers have already been sent in drupal_settings_initialize() (line 844 of /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/bootstrap.inc).

Close to 30% of Puget Sound's shoreline is armored with seawalls and other structures meant to protect beaches against rising tides and erosion. But science increasingly shows that these structures are ineffective and cause significant harm to salmon and other creatures. State and federal agencies have been encouraging private property owners to remove armoring in a race to improve habitat, but why did so much of it start appearing in the first place?

First published March 30, 2021, in Salish Sea Currents magazine.

Click to view background photo & credits

Deprecated: Constant E_STRICT is deprecated in /home/bcsla/public_html/includes/errors.inc on line 29